Social Distancing Seals

Version 1.0

Hoekendijk, Jeroen, 2023, "Social Distancing Seals", https://doi.org/10.25850/nioz/7b.b.3d, NIOZ, V1

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Description	Many species aggregate in dense colonies. Species-specific spatial patterns provide clues about how colonies are shaped by various (a-)biotic factors, including predation, temperature regulation, or disease transmission. Using aerial imagery, we examined these patterns in colonies on land of two sympatric seal species: the harbour seal and grey seal. Results show that the density of grey seals on land is twice as high as that of harbour seals. Furthermore, the nearest neighbour distance (NND) of harbour seals (median = 1.06 m) is significantly larger than that of grey seals (median = 0.53 m). When the observed seal locations were shuffled slightly through spatial simulation, the frequency of the smallest NNDs (0-25 cm) increased, while the most frequently observed NNDs decreased, implying that both species actively display social distancing. As harbour seals are more prone to infectious diseases, we hypothesize that the larger NNDs might be a behavioural response to reduce pathogen transmission. The observed differences in spatial patterns can be used as a practical tool to differentiate between harbour and grey seals in remote sensing applications, particularly in low to medium resolution imagery (e.g., satellite imagery), where morphological characteristics alone are insufficient to differentiate between species. (2023-02-02)
Subject	Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword	Nearest neighbour distance, density, remote sensing, Phoca vitulina, Halichoerus grypus, herding behaviour.

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	Code and data.zip Shapefile as ZIP Archive - 474.0 MB - Feb 2, 2023 - 8 Downloads MD5: 9bcb041d3ed8ee322d597ab0f301a53f	Download

Citation Metadata

Dataset Persistent ID	doi:10.25850/nioz/7b.b.3d
Publication Date	2023-02-02
Title	Social Distancing Seals
Other ID	DAS:128582dc-40e0-426f-988d-c3f899e130f2 DOI:10.25850/nioz/7b.b.3d
Author	Hoekendijk, Jeroen (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) - ORCID: 0000-0002-9308-7429
Contact	Use email button above to contact. Hoekendijk, Jeroen (NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) Research Data Management (NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research)
Description	Many species aggregate in dense colonies. Species-specific spatial patterns provide clues about how colonies are shaped by various (a-)biotic factors, including predation, temperature regulation, or disease transmission. Using aerial imagery, we examined these patterns in colonies on land of two sympatric seal species: the harbour seal and grey seal. Results show that the density of grey seals on land is twice as high as that of harbour seals. Furthermore, the nearest neighbour distance (NND) of harbour seals (median = 1.06 m) is significantly larger than that of grey seals (median = 0.53 m). When the observed seal locations were shuffled slightly through spatial simulation, the frequency of the smallest NNDs (0-25 cm) increased, while the most frequently observed NNDs decreased, implying that both species actively display social distancing. As harbour seals are more prone to infectious diseases, we hypothesize that the larger NNDs might be a behavioural response to reduce pathogen transmission. The observed differences in spatial patterns can be used as a practical tool to differentiate between harbour and grey seals in remote sensing applications, particularly in low to medium resolution imagery (e.g., satellite imagery), where morphological characteristics alone are insufficient to differentiate between species. (2023-02-02)
Subject	Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword	Nearest neighbour distance density remote sensing Phoca vitulina Halichoerus grypus herding behaviour.
Production Date	2023-02-02
Contributor	Hosting Institution : NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research in cooperation with Utrecht University
Distributor	Research Data Management (NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research)
Distribution Date	2023-02-02
Depositor	Jeroen Hoekendijk
Deposit Date	2023-02-02

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